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1 Cooper, Peter
[br]b. 12 February 1791 New York, USAd. 4 April 1883 New York, USA[br]American entrepreneur and steam locomotive pioneer.[br]Cooper had minimal formal education, but following a childhood spent helping his small-businessman father, he had by his early twenties become a prosperous glue maker. In 1828, with partners, he set up an ironworks at Baltimore. The Baltimore \& Ohio Railroad, intended for horse haulage, was under construction and, to confound those sceptical of the powers of steam, Cooper built a steam locomotive, with vertical boiler and single vertical cylinder, that was so small that it was called Tom Thumb. Nevertheless, when on test in 1830, it proved a match for horse power and became one of the first locomotives to run on an American railway. Cooper did not, however, personally take this line of development further; rather, he built up a vast industrial empire and later in life became a noted philanthropist.[br]Further ReadingJ.F.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Dictionary of American Biography.PJGR -
2 Winans, Ross
[br]b. 17 October 1796 Sussex County, New Jersey, USAd. 11 April 1877 Baltimore, Maryland, USA[br]American inventor and locomotive builder.[br]Winans arrived in Baltimore in 1828 to sell horses to the Baltimore \& Ohio Railroad (B \& O), which was then under construction. To reduce friction in rail vehicles, he devised a system of axles which ran in oil-baths, with outside bearings. He demonstrated a hand-driven wagon with this system at the Rainhill Trials; the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway bought some wagons fitted with the system, but found them on test to be inferior to wagons with grease axle boxes. Back in Baltimore, Winans assisted Peter Cooper in building Tom Thumb. He took charge of the B \& O shops c.1834; he is said to have built the first eight-wheeled passenger coach and to have been the first to mount such a coach on two four-wheeled trucks or bogies. The arrangement soon became standard American practice, and, with partners, he built over 100 locomotives for the B \& O. In 1847 he pioneered the use of anthracite as locomotive fuel, and from 1848 he built his "Camel" locomotives with the driver's cab above the boiler.[br]Further ReadingJ.H.White Jr, 1979, A History of the American Locomotive-Its Development: 1830–1880, New York: Dover Publications Inc.P.Ransome-Wallis (ed.), 1959, The Concise Encyclopaedia of World Railway Locomotives, London: Hutchinson, p. 503 (biography).Dictionary of American Biography.H.Booth, 1980, Henry Booth, Ilfracombe: Arthur H.Stockwell, pp. 75 and 91–2 (for the Liverpool \& Manchester wagons).See also: Stephenson, GeorgePJGR
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Tom Thumb — is a traditional hero in English folklore who is no bigger than his father s thumb. Various allusions to Tom Thumb are included in sixteenth century works; in his Discovery of Witchcraft , Reginald Scot includes Tom Thumbe in a list of folkloric… … Wikipedia
Tom Thumb — Tom Pouce Tom Pouce Tom Pouce[1] est un héros du folklore britannique dont la taille n excédait pas celle du pouce de son père … Wikipédia en Français
Tom Thumb — Anzahl: 1 Hersteller: Canton Eisenwerk bei Baltimore Baujahr(e): 1830 Ausmusterung: 1830 Achsformel: 1A Länge: 4 m (freier Nachbau) Höhe: 3,9 m (freier Nachbau) Höchst … Deutsch Wikipedia
Tom Thumb — a character in a ↑fairy tale (=a story for children in which magical things happen) who was only as big as a person s thumb … Dictionary of contemporary English
Tom Thumb — Tom′ Thumb′ n. 1) myt a diminutive hero of folk tales 2) an extremely small person; dwarf … From formal English to slang
Tom Thumb — n. a tiny hero of many English folk tales … English World dictionary
Tom thumb — Les Aventures de Tom Pouce Les Aventures de Tom Pouce Le chêne, début du conte... Titre original tom thumb Réalisation George Pál … Wikipédia en Français
Tom Thumb — noun The fictional character who is no bigger than his fathers thumb and is the protagonist and hero of the fairy tale The History of Tom Thumb … Wiktionary
Tom Thumb — Willow Wil low, n. [OE. wilowe, wilwe, AS. wilig, welig; akin to OD. wilge, D. wilg, LG. wilge. Cf. {Willy}.] [1913 Webster] 1. (Bot.) Any tree or shrub of the genus {Salix}, including many species, most of which are characterized often used as… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Tom Thumb Food & Pharmacy — is a chain of supermarkets in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. Tom Thumb stores operate under the names Tom Thumb traditional grocery stores; Flagship Tom Thumb high end stores; and Simon David also high end, usually in affluent areas. Tom Thumb… … Wikipedia
Tom Thumb (disambiguation) — Tom Thumb is a diminutive hero of English folklore.Tom Thumb may also refer to:In entertainment: * Tom Thumb (comics), the codename of two Marvel Comics superheroes * tom thumb (film), a 1958 feature film directed by George Pal * The Secret… … Wikipedia
